Science Letters

Science Letters is a double-blind peer-reviewed, open-access, and biannually online-published (January and June) international journal for the complete coverage of all topics in science and technology-related areas. Science Letters aims to be recognized as an important forum for researchers from academic and private arenas to exchange the latest results from research, especially in science and technology, in a broad sense, both original papers and reviews.

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 1.

The Role of Bilirubin in Preventing the Development of Tobacco-Induced Lung Cancer: A Review

Nurnadia Majid¹, Hasseri Halim^1,2, Salfarina Ramli^1,2*

¹Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Teknologi MARA Cawangan Selangor Puncak Alam Campus, 42300 Puncak Alam, Selangor, Malaysia

²Integrative Pharmacogenomics Institute (iPROMISE), Universiti Teknologi MARA Cawangan Selangor Puncak Alam Campus, 42300 Puncak Alam, Selangor, Malaysia

 2.

Nur Fatin Nabihah Hasan, Wan Nurhayati Wan Hanafi, Muhd Fauzi Safian, Zaidah Zainal Ariffin^*

Faculty of Applied Sciences, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), 40450 Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia

 3.

 Effect of Storage Conditions on the Bromelain Activity of Pineapple Peel Variety Josapine

Muhammad Yazid Abd Halim¹, Siti Aimi Sarah Zainal Abidin^1,2_, Siti Roha Ab Mutalib^1,2*

¹School of Industrial Technology, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Universiti Teknologi MARA, 40450 Shah Alam, Selangor

²Malaysian Institute of Transport, Universiti Teknologi MARA, 40450 Shah Alam, Selangor

 4.

Evaluation of Cytotoxicity and Migratory Effect of Aqueous Extract of Baeckea frutescens Lin. on Keratinocytes

Ihsan Safwan Kamarazaman^1,2,3, Mohd Kamal Nik Hasan², Nur Nazihah Adnan³, Siti Sarah Khotib³, Sandra Maniam⁴, Hasseri Halim^1,3*

¹Integrative Pharmacogenomics Institute (iPROMISE), Universiti Teknologi MARA Selangor, Puncak Alam Campus, 42300, Bandar Puncak Alam, Selangor, Malaysia.

²Natural Products Division, Forest Research Institute Malaysia (FRIM), 52109 Kepong, Selangor, Malaysia

³Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Teknologi MARA Selangor, Puncak Alam Campus, 42300, Bandar Puncak Alam, Selangor, Malaysia.

⁴Department of Human Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), Serdang, 43400, Malaysia.

 5.

Comparative Analysis of Lipid Accumulation and Fatty Acid Composition in Microalgae Chaetoceros sp. and Isochrysis sp. Under Varied Light Intensities for Biodiesel Production

Zamzila Erdawati Zainol^*, Aziani Ahmad, Sharir Aizat Kamaruddin, Khairul Naim Abd. Aziz

Faculty of Applied Sciences, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Perlis Branch, Arau Campus,02600 Arau, Perlis, Malaysia

 6.

Halal Authentication of Alcohol in Food and Beverages Products: A Review

Nur Hanisah Mohamad Ikhiwan^[1], Nur Azira Tukiran^[2]*

¹Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Sains Islam Malaysia (USIM), Nilai, Malaysia

² International Institute for Halal Research and Training (INHART), International Islamic University Malaysia, (IIUM), Selangor, Malaysia

 7.

Preference of Insects for Different Colors of Sticky Traps in Rose Apple (Syzygium aqueum) Orchards

Muhammad Azeem Zuhaimi¹, Nurul Fatihah Abd Latip^[1]*, Mohammad Azizi Abdullah^1,2 Nur Atirah Hasmi³, Muhammad Irham Abdul Razak⁴, Dzulhelmi Muhammad Nasir⁵

¹Faculty of Plantation and Agrotechnology, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Perlis Branch, Arau Campus, 02600 Perlis, Malaysia

²Department of Biological Sciences & Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia

³Faculty of Applied Sciences, Universiti Teknologi MARA Perak Branch, Tapah Campus, 35400, Tapah Road, Perak, Malaysia

⁴Biology and Ecology Research (BERes), Faculty of Science and Marine Environment, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030 Kuala Nerus, Terengganu,Malaysia

⁵Department of Crop Protection & Bio-solution, FGV R&D Sdn Bhd, PPP Tun Razak, 27000, Jerantut, Pahang, Malaysia

 8.

 Biotransformation of Andrographolide using Tropical Versus Psychrotolerant Fungi as Biocatalyst

Nur Shahirah Shaharudin¹, Muhammad Hatta Syahiran Abdul Halim¹, Gurmeet Kaur Surindar Singh¹, Syed Adnan Ali Shah^1,2, Teh Lay Kek^1,3, Sadia Sultan^[1],2*

¹Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), Cawangan Selangor, Kampus Puncak Alam, 42300 Bandar Puncak Alam, Selangor, Malaysia

²Biotransformatiom Research Group (Health and Wellness), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Teknologi MARA Puncak Alam Campus, Bandar Puncak Alam, Kuala Selangor, Selangor, Malaysia.

³Integrative Pharmacogenomics Institute (iPromise), UITM Cawangan Selangor Kampus Puncak Alam, 42300 Bandar Puncak Alam, Selangor, Malaysia

 9.

Effect of Cross-Linking and Pre-Gelatinization on Morphology and Crystallinity Characteristics of Unripe Banana Starch (Musa balbisiana)

Nurul Nor Izzuani Nor Sham^*, Anida Yusoff and Siti Roha Ab Mutalib

School of Industrial Technology, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), 40450 Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia

 10.

Traditional Uses, Phytochemistry Profile and Biological Properties of Jarum Tujuh Bilah, Pereskia bleo – A Review

Nur Azwa Hanim Azizan¹, Farizan Aris¹, Mohd Taufiq Mat Jalil¹, Norfatimah Mohamed Yunus¹, Syarifah Ab Rashid² and Nurul Aili Zakaria^[1]*,

¹Faculty of Applied Sciences, Universiti Teknologi MARA, 40450 Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia

²School of Biological Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800, Minden, Penang, Malaysia

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 1.

Azadirachta indica as Natural Pesticide for Pomacea canaliculata Control: A Review

Nik Amalia Nasratiena M. Z.¹, Chia-Chay T.¹, Saiyidah Nafisah H.² and Wan Rozianoor M. H.^1,3*

¹Faculty of Applied Sciences, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), 40450 Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia

²Faculty of Applied Science, Universiti Teknologi MARA Cawangan Perak Kampus Tapah, 35400 Tapah, Perak, Malaysia.

³Human Genetic and Biochemistry, Research Nexus of UiTM (ReNeU), Universiti Teknologi MARA, 40450 Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia.

 2.

Fish Distribution and Abundance in the Sungai Sepang Besar Estuary, Selangor: Influence of Water Physicochemical Parameters

Nurul Asyikin Ya* and Harinder Rai Singh

Faculty of Applied Sciences, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), 40450 Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia

 3.

Antioxidant Activities of Ananas comosus Peel Extracts: A Review on In Vitro and In Vivo Approaches

  
Erliana Safri, Norhisham Haron^*, Anas Abdullah, Emida Mohamed, Siti Nazrina Camalxaman, and Azlin Sham Ramlee @ Rambely

Centre for Medical Laboratory Technology Studies, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Teknologi Mara (UiTM), Selangor Branch, Puncak Alam Campus, 42300 Puncak Alam, Selangor, Malaysia.

 4.

Control Strategies of Staphylococcus aureus and Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) Biofilms: A Review 

Hanis Fadhlina Hamdan, Nawal Zulkiply and Mohd Fakharul Zaman Raja Yahya* 

Faculty of Applied Sciences, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), 40450 Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia

 5.

Pathogenicity of Fungal Pathogens Isolated from Infected Soursop in Bukit Kurau, Perak

Nurul Syafika Muslimin¹, Farida Zuraina Mohd Yusof^1,2*, Khalilah Abdul Khalil¹ and Qursyna Boll Kassim³  

¹Faculty of Applied Sciences, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), 40450 Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia

²Integrative Pharmacogenomics Institute (iPROMISE), Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM) Puncak Alam, Malaysia

³Faculty of Plantation and Agrotechnology, Universiti Teknologi MARA, UiTM Jasin, 77300 Merlimau, Melaka, Malaysia

 6.

Assessment of the Current Spatial-Temporal Variations of Salinity on the Surface Waters of Kuala Perlis, Perlis

Aimie Rifhan Hashim¹, Sharir Aizat Kamaruddin^1*, Khairul Naim Abd.Aziz¹, Jamil Tajam¹, Faeiza Buyong², Che-Zulkifli Che Ismail³, Anisah Lee Abdullah⁴, Tun Mohd Firdaus Azis¹ and Anastacia Anscelly⁵

¹Fakulti Sains Gunaan, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Cawangan Perlis, Kampus Arau, 02600, Arau, Perlis, Malaysia

²Fakulti Sains Gunaan, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Cawangan Selangor, 40450, Shah Alam, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia

³Crustacean Aquaculture Research Division, Fisheries Research Institute (FRI) Pulau Sayak, 08500, Kota Kuala Muda, Kedah

⁴Pusat Pengajian Ilmu Kemanusiaan, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Pulau Pinang, Malaysia

⁵World Wildlife Federation Malaysia, 6^th Floor, CPS Tower, Centre Point Complex, No 1, Jalan Centre Point, 88800, Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia

 7.

Extraction and Some Characteristics of Mango Seed Kernel Starch for Industrial Applications

Saidu Hassan Musa^1* and Balarabe Sarki Sagagi² 

¹Center for Renewable Energy Research, Bayero University, Kano, Nigeria

²Department of Chemistry, Kano University of Science and Technology, Wudil, Nigeria

 8.

A Review on Sugar and Organic Profiles on the Postharvest Quality of Fruits

Nur Hidayatul Fatihah Johari, Noer Hartini Dolhaji*, Shampazuraini Shamsuri and Phatimah Abdol Latif 

Faculty of Plantation and Agrotechnology, University Technology MARA Cawangan Melaka Kampus Jasin, 77300, Merlimau, Malaysia

 9.

Lactic Acid Production from Potato Waste Using Response Surface Methodology

Zafirah Zenol Abidin¹, Nurul Diyana Abdullah Sham¹ and Siti Roshayu Hassan^1,2*

¹Faculty of Bioengineering and Technology, Universiti Malaysia Kelantan, Jeli Campus, 17600 Jeli, Kelantan, Malaysia

²Advance Industrial Biotechnology Cluster (AdBiC), Universiti Malaysia Kelantan, Jeli Campus, 17600 Jeli, Kelantan, Malaysia

 10.

The Effect of Seashells as Filler in Epoxy Composites

Nor Azwin Ahad^*, Kwan Suk Lum and Khairulnisa Halim

Faculty of Chemical Engineering Technology, Universiti Malaysia Perlis, 02600 Jejawi, Perlis, Malaysia

 11.

Fazlinashatul Suhaidah Zahid^1,2*, Nor Diyana Md Sin¹, Nur Amalina Muhamad¹ and    Mohamad Zhafran Hussin¹ 

¹School of Electrical Engineering, College of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi MARA Cawangan Johor Kampus Pasir Gudang, 81750, Johor, Malaysia

²NANO-ElecTronic Centre (NET), School of Electrical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi MARA, 40450, Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia

Nurul Fathinah Azrisham, Mohammad Amirul Hairol Aman and Ahmad Fakhrurrazi Ahmad Noorden^*

 Centre for Advanced Optoelectronics Research (CAPTOR), Kulliyyah of Science, International Islamic University Malaysia, Pahang, Malaysia

A Preliminary Study on the Selection of Self-Heating Elements in Self-Heating Pads for Instant Tuna Packaging

Nur Syukriah Ab Rahman*, Nur Ellyliana Mohd Razali, Tuan Muhammad Sadiq Zafran Tuan Zainal Abidin, Nur Syazwani Abd Rahman, Fatahiya Mohamed Tap, Aishah Derahman and Iswaibah Mustafa

School of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, UiTM Cawangan Terengganu, Kampus Bukit Besi, 23200, Dungun, Terengganu

Intestinal Parasitic Contamination in Commonly Consumed Vegetables from Wet Markets in Pulau Pinang: A Pilot Study

Balkis Ballina Ukhra Yunus¹, Zeti Norfidiyati Salmuna² and Azlinda Abu Bakar^1*

¹School of Biological Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Minden Pulau Pinang, Malaysia

²Department of Medical Microbiology & Parasitology, School of Medical Sciences, 16150 Kubang Kerian,

Kelantan, Malaysia

Lactiplantibacillus plantarum LAB12 Induced Neuroprotection Through the Gut-Brain Axis

Muhammad Syukri Noor Azman^1,2, Siong Meng Lim¹, Fei Tieng Lim¹ and Kalavathy Ramasamy^1*

¹Collaborative Drug Discovery Research (CDDR) Group, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM) Cawangan Selangor, Kampus Puncak Alam, 42300 Bandar Puncak Alam, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia

²Faculty of Applied Sciences, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), Cawangan Perlis, Kampus Arau, 02600 Arau, Perlis, Malaysia.

 16.

Relaxivity Properties of Superparamagnetic Iron oxide Nanoparticles Incorporated into Silica Nanoparticles via Ultrasonic Irradiation

Bashiru Kayode Sodipo^1,2*, Willy Carreras Diaz³, Abdul Aziz Azlan^2,4, Evelio Rafael Gonzalez Dalmau⁵

 ¹Department of Physics, Kaduna State University, Nigeria

²School of Physics, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Pulau Pinang, Malaysia

³Biomedical Engineering, Polytechnic Institute José Antonio Echevarría, Cuba

⁴Nano-Biotechnology Research and Innovation (NanoBRI), Institute for Research in Molecular Medicine (INFORM), Universiti Sains Malaysia

⁵Departamento de Imágenes por Resonancia Magnética, Cuban Neurosciences Center, Street 190 e/25 and 27, Cubanacan Playa, Havana CP 11600, Cuba

 No.

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 1.

Adsorption of Lead (II) From Aqueous Solution by Using Modified and Unmodified Banana Peels 

Nurul Asfa Hadira Abdul Halek¹, Siti Kartina Abdul Karim^1* and Nurain Johar²

 ¹Faculty of Applied Sciences, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM) Cawangan Sarawak, Kampus Samarahan 2, 94300 Kota Samarahan, Sarawak, Malaysia

²Faculty of Applied Sciences, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM) Cawangan Sarawak, Kampus Mukah, 96400 Mukah, Sarawak, Malaysia

DOI: 10.24191/sl.v17i1.18178

 2.

Review of Issues and Challenges in the Growing Use of Herbal-Based Products 

Salini Devi Rajendran¹ and Nitty Hirawaty Kamarulzaman²

¹School of Food Studies and Gastronomy, Faculty of Social Sciences & Leisure Management, Taylor’s University, Malaysia

²Department of Agribusiness and Bioresource Economics, Faculty of Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Malaysia

 DOI: 10.24191/sl.v17i1.18516

 3.

Effect of Thickness on the Photocatalytic Performance of ZnO/SBR Composites

  
Latiff¹_, R. Nordin^1,2,3,4*, W. I. Nawawi¹, M. Z. Salihin^5,6, H, Pauzi⁷_, M.B.A. Bakar⁸, M.K. Afdhol⁴, M. Abdurrahman⁴ and M. NorHayati⁹

¹Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Perlis Branch, Arau Campus, 02600 Arau, Perlis, Malaysia

²Green and Functional Polymer Research Group, Universiti Teknologi MARA, 40450 Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia

³Advanced Technology Training Center, Manpower Department, Ministry of Human Resource, 34600 Kamunting Taiping, Perak, Malaysia

⁴Department of Petroleum Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Islam Riau, Jl. Kaharuddin Nasution No.113 Km. 11, Pekan Baru, Riau – 28284, Indonesia

⁵Faculty of Chemical Engineering Technology, Universiti Malaysia Perlis, Arau 02600, Malaysia.

⁶Biomedical and Nanotechnology Research Group, Center of Excellence Geopolymer and Green Technology, Universiti Malaysia Perlis, Arau 02600, Malaysia

⁷Science and Engineering Research Center, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Engineering Campus, 14300 Nibong Tebal, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia

⁸Faculty of Bioengineering and Technology, Universiti Malaysia Kelantan, Jeli Campus, 17600 Jeli, Kelantan Malaysia

⁹Centre of Foundation Studies, Universiti Teknologi MARA Selangor Branch, Dengkil Campus, 43800, Dengkil, Selangor, Malaysia

DOI: 10.24191/sl.v17i1.18697

 4.

An Overview of the Development of Chemical Desulfurization Technology for Organic Sulfur Coal 

Syarifah Nursyimi Azlina Syed Ismail^1*, Nur Nasulhah Kasim¹, Siti Nurlia Ali¹, Mohd Fauzi Abdullah¹, Mohd Azlan Mohd Ishak¹ and Razi Ahmad^2,3

¹Faculty of Applied Sciences, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Kampus Arau, 02600 Arau, Perlis, Malaysia

²Faculty of Civil Engineering Technology, Universiti Malaysia Perlis, 02600 Arau, Perlis, Malaysia

³Center of Excellence, Water Research and Environmental Sustainability Growth (WAREG), Universiti Malaysia Perlis, 02600 Arau, Perlis, Malaysia

 5.

Optimisation of Biodiesel Production via In-Situ Esterification for Spent Bleaching Earth Waste (SBEW) using Response Surface Methodology

Asnida Yanti Ani^1,2*, Nur Syazlinda Esa’ Ayuddi², Izzati Halid², Muhammad Luqman Md Ali^1,2 and Mohd Azlan Mohd Ishak^1,2

¹Fuel & Biomass Energy Research Group, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Perlis Branch, Arau Campus, 02600, Arau, Perlis, Malaysia.

²Faculty of Applied Sciences, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Perlis Branch, Arau Campus, 02600, Arau, Perlis, Malaysia.

 DOI: 10.24191/sl.v17i1.18857

 6.

Catalytic Pyrolysis of Torrefied Empty Fruit Bunch (EFB) with Sulphated Zirconia

Alina Rahayu Mohamed¹*, Nur Annashuha Zakry² Razi Ahmad³ and Nur Nasulhah Kasim⁴ 

¹Faculty of Chemical Engineering & Technology, UniMAP Campus Uniciti Alam, Universiti Malaysia Perlis, 02100 Padang Besar Perlis, Malaysia

²Top Glove F11, Lot 4967, Jalan Teratai, 6^th Miles, Off Jalan Meru 41050 Klang Selangor.

³Faculty of Civil Engineering Technology, UniMAP Jejawi Complex of Academics (3), Arau 02600 Perlis

⁴Coal and Biomass Energy Research Group, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), 40450, Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia

DOI: 10.24191/sl.v17i1.18870

 7.

Nano-optical Properties of Sputtered Indium Tin Oxide on Black Silicon for Heterojunction Solar Cells 

Auwal Abdulkadir^1*, Azlan Abdul Aziz² and Mohd Zamir Pakhuruddin^2,3*

¹Department of Physics, Umaru Musa Yar’adua University, P. M. B. 2218 Katsina, Nigeria

²Photovoltaic Materials and Devices, School of Physics, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Minden, Penang, Malaysia

³Institute of Nano Optoelectronics Research and Technology (INOR), Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 USM, Penang, Malaysia

DOI: 10.24191/sl.v17i1.18896

 8.

Impact of Annealing Towards Anti-Reflection Properties of Al₂O₃ on Silicon

Halo Dalshad Omar^1,2, Md. Roslan Hashim¹ and Mohd Zamir Pakhuruddin^1,3,*

¹Photovoltaic Materials and Devices, School of Physics, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Minden, Penang, Malaysia.

²Department of Physics, Faculty of Science and Health, Koya University, Koya KOY45, Kurdistan Region - F.R. Iraq.

³Institute of Nano Optoelectronics Research and Technology (INOR), Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 USM, Penang, Malaysia.

DOI: 10.24191/sl.v17i1.18897

 9.

Phylogenetic Analysis and Comparative Genomics of Brucella melitensis in Human Brucellosis: A Review

Jama’ayah Mohamed Zahidi^1,2*, Rohaidah Hashim² and Mohd Faiz Foong Abdullah¹

¹Faculty of Applied Sciences, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), 40450 Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia ²Bacteriology Unit, Institute for Medical Research, National Institute of Health, Setia Alam 40170, Malaysia 

DOI: 10.24191/sl.v17i1.19029

 10.

Antioxidant Activity of Ethanolic Extracts of Purple and Orange Sweet Potatoes (Ipomoea batatas L.)

Haryoto,¹* Mardi Putri Riyadini,¹ Muhtadi¹ and Agustono Wibowo^2,3

¹Pharmaceutical Chemistry of Pharmacy Faculty, Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta, Jl. A. Yani Tromol Pos I, Pabelan, Kartasura, Surakarta 57102, Central Java, Indonesia

²Faculty of Applied Sciences, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM) Pahang Branch, Jengka Campus, 26400 Bandar Tun Abdul Razak Jengka, Pahang, Malaysia

³Organic Synthesis Laboratory, Institute of Science, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), 42300 Bandar Puncak Alam, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia

DOI: 10.24191/sl.v17i1.19872

 11.

Siti Nurlia Ali^1*, Mohd Azlan Mohd Ishak¹, Khudzir Ismail¹, Ali H. Jawad² and Nur Nasulhah Kasim¹

¹Faculty of Applied Sciences, Universiti Teknologi MARA Cawangan Perlis, Kampus Arau, 02600 Arau, Perlis, Malaysia.

²Faculty of Applied Sciences, Universiti Teknologi MARA, 40450 Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia

DOI: 10.24191/sl.v17i1.20146

 12.

Gastrointestinal Infection of Rabbits in Ranau Rabbit Farm, Ranau, Sabah Malaysia

Johanes Anak Patrick and Siti Sarayati Hj Abdul Mawah*

 Faculty of Applied Sciences, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM) Cawangan Sabah, Kota Kinabalu Campus,  Locked Bag 71, 89888 Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia

 DOI: 10.24191/sl.v17i1.19874